The National Immunisation Programme in the Netherlands: surveillance and developments in 2022-2023. (2024)

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Afrian, A., Beek, J. van, Beld, M.J.C. van de, Benincà, E., Benschop, K.S.M., Berry, D.S.F., Binnendijk, R.S. van, Blomont-Frederick, S., Bodewes, R., Boer, M.C., Boer, P. de, Boven, M. van, Brouwer, J.G.M., Bruijn, S. de, Brummelman, J., Buisman, A., Charldorp, T.C. van, Coul, E. op de, Cremer, J., Davies, M.A., Duijster, J.W., Duizer, E., Els, C.A.C.M. van, Freudenburg-de Graaf, W., Friesema, I.H.M., Garcia Vilaplana, T., Gier, B. de, Gordon, T., Hagen, C.C.E. van, Hahné, S.J.M., Hartog, G. den, Hubert, H., Huiberts, A., Hoeve, C.E., Hof, S. van den, Hofstee, M.I., Hooiveld, M., Iersel, S. van, Jongenotter, F., Kaaijk, P., Kaczorowska, J., Kampshoff, C., Kassteele, J. van de, Kasteren, P.B. van, Kemmeren, J.M., King, A.J., Klis, F.R.M. van der, Knijff, M., Knol, M.J., Kusters, J.M.A., Lanooij, S.J., Lier, E.A. van, Lista-de Weever, E., Mariman, R., Maxwell, A.A.A., McDonald, S., Meijberg, A., Meijer, A., Meijeren, D.L. van, Melker, H.E. de, Middeldorp, M., Miellet, W., Neppelenbroek, N., Niessen, F.A., Notermans, D.W., Pijnacker, R., Pluijmaekers, A.J.M., Roekel, C. van, Rolink, M., Rots, N.Y., Ruijs, W.L.M., Slobbe, J.F. van, Smagge, B.A., Sorge, N.M. van, Steens, A., Teelen, S., Teirlinck, A.C., Valk, A., Vanhommerig, J.W., Vennema, H., Verheul, M.K., Visser, L.J., Vos, E.R.A., Voskuil, P.H., Vries, M. de, Wijmenga-Monsuur, A.J., Wit, J. de, Wong, D., Woudenberg, T. The National Immunisation Programme in the Netherlands: surveillance and developments in 2022-2023. Bilthoven: RIVM, 2023. 420 p.

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Publiekssamenvatting

Het RIVM houdt elk jaar bij hoeveel mensen een ziekte krijgen waartegen vanuit het Rijksvaccinatieprogramma (RVP) wordt gevaccineerd. In 2022 kregen in Nederland meer mensen zo’n ziekte dan in 2021. Dit komt waarschijnlijk doordat de coronamaatregelen zijn opgeheven, zoals afstand houden.

Net als in 2021 waren er in 2022 geen mensen met rodehond. De andere ziekten die in 2021 niet voorkwamen, waren in 2022 wel weer te zien. Dat zijn difterie (7 mensen), mazelen (6), polio (1) en tetanus (2). Kinkhoest (129) en bof (7) kwamen in 2022 vaker voor dan in 2021, maar wel minder vaak dan in de jaren vóór de coronapandemie. Ook pneumokokken kwam in 2022 iets minder vaak voor dan voor de coronapandemie.

Het aantal mensen met meningokokkenziekte type W (2) is sinds 2018 verder gedaald. Dat komt vooral doordat de vaccinatie tegen dit type meningokokken vanaf dat jaar ook aan tieners wordt gegeven. Ook het aantal meldingen van Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) was in 2022 iets lager dan in 2021 (59 en 68). Het aantal kinderen jonger dan 5 jaar dat ernstig ziek werd van Hib nam wel toe (26 in 2021, 29 in 2022), ook in vergelijking met de jaren voor de coronapandemie (39 zieken in 2019, van wie 17 onder de vijf jaar).

Het aantal meldingen van chronische hepatitis B (815) was hoger dan in 2021, maar lager dan voor de coronapandemie: tussen 2014 en 2019 hoorden per jaar 1.000 tot 1.100 mensen dat ze deze ziekte hebben.

In 2022 zijn ten minste 1.041.632 kinderen gevaccineerd via het RVP. Zij kregen in totaal minstens 2.619.654 vaccinaties. Ook hebben ten minste 114.839 zwangere vrouwen een vaccinatie gekregen die hun baby vanaf de geboorte beschermt tegen onder andere kinkhoest. Dit is de 22 wekenprik.

Op advies van de Gezondheidsraad wordt de griepvaccinatie vanaf oktober 2023 tijdens het griepseizoen ook aan zwangere vrouwen aangeboden. Verder krijgen jonge baby’s die vanaf 1 januari 2024 geboren worden, een vaccin tegen het rotavirus. Personen van 15 jaar of ouder krijgen sinds september 2022 nog maar 2 doses van het HPV-vaccin, in plaats van 3.

Vaccineren tegen de ziekte COVID-19 werkt goed om ernstige ziekte en sterfte te voorkomen,
maar de bescherming neemt langzaam af. De booster- en herhaalvaccinaties zorgen ervoor dat
de bescherming weer toeneemt.

Synopsis

Every year, RIVM tracks how many people fall ill due to a disease that is included in the National Immunisation Programme (NIP). In 2022, more people in the Netherlands got such a disease than in 2021. This is very likely due to the COVID-19 control measures, such as social distancing, being lifted.

As was the case in 2021, no people contracted rubella in 2022. The other diseases that did not occur in 2021, returned in 2022. This is the case for diphtheria (7), measles (6), polio (1), and tetanus (2). Pertussis (129) and mumps (7) occurred more often in 2022 than in 2021, but less often than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Invasive pneumococcal disease also occurred less often in 2022 than before the COVID-19 pandemic.

The number of notifications for meningococcal disease caused by serotype W (2) decreased further since 2018. This is mainly because since that same year, the vaccination against this type of meningococcus is also being given to teenagers. The number of Haemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib) reports was slightly lower in 2022 (59) than in 2021 (68). The number of children younger than 5 years of age that became very ill because of an Hib infection, did increase (26 in 2021, 29 in 2022), also when compared to the years before the COVID-19 pandemic (39 in 2019, of which 17 younger than 5 years of age).

The number of chronic hepatitis B notifications (815) was higher than in 2022, but lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic: between 2014 and 2019, about 1,000-1,100 people heard they had this disease.

In 2022, at least 1,041,632 children were vaccinated as part of the NIP. They received a total of at least 2,619,654 vaccinations. Also, at least 114,839 pregnant women received a vaccination that protects their baby immediately after birth against, amongst others, whooping cough. This is the maternal pertussis vaccination.

Based on advise by the Health Council of the Netherlands and starting from October 2023, maternal influenza vaccination is offered to pregnant women during the influenza season. Additionally, young babies born on or after 1 January 2024, receive a vaccine against rotavirus. Persons aged 15 or over receive only 2 doses of the HPV vaccine instead of 3, starting from September 2022.

Vaccination against COVID-19 works well to prevent severe illness and death, but the protection slowly decreases. Booster- and repat vaccinations increase protection again.

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The National Immunisation Programme in the Netherlands: surveillance and developments in 2022-2023. (2024)
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